《國際濕地公約》（拉姆薩爾公約） （The Ramsar Convention）全文

國際濕地公約（拉姆薩爾公約） （The Ramsar Convention）

國際濕地公約《拉姆薩爾公約》全文如下：

1971年2月2日訂于拉姆薩，經(jīng)1982年3月 12日議定書(shū)修正)各締約國，承認人類(lèi)同其環(huán)境的相互依存關(guān)系；考慮到濕地的調節水份循環(huán)和維持濕地特有的動(dòng)植物特別是水禽棲息地的基本生態(tài)功能。

相信濕地為具有巨大經(jīng)濟、文化、科學(xué)及娛樂(lè )價(jià)值的資源，其損失將不可彌補；

期望現在及將來(lái)阻止濕地的被逐步侵蝕及喪失；

承認季節性遷徒中的水禽可能超越國界，因此應被視為國際性資源；

確信遠見(jiàn)卓識的國內政策與協(xié)調一致的國際行動(dòng)相結合能夠確保對濕地及其動(dòng)植物的保護；

茲協(xié)議如下：

第一條

1．為本公約的目的，濕地系指不問(wèn)其為天然或人工、常久或暫時(shí)之沼澤地、濕原、泥炭地或水域地帶，帶有或靜止或流動(dòng)、或為淡水、半咸水或咸水水體者，包括低潮時(shí)水深不超過(guò)六米的水域。

2．為本公約的目的，水禽系指生態(tài)學(xué)上依賴(lài)于濕地的鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)。

第二條

1．各締約國應指定其領(lǐng)域內的適當濕地列入由依第八條所設管理局保管的國際重要濕地名冊，下稱(chēng)“名冊”。每一濕地的界線(xiàn)應精確記述并標記在地圖上，并可包括鄰接濕地的河湖沿岸、沿海區域以及濕地范圍的島域或低潮時(shí)水深不超過(guò)六米的水域，特別是當其具有水禽棲息地意義時(shí)。

2．選入名冊的濕地應根據其在生態(tài)學(xué)上、植物學(xué)上、湖沼學(xué)上和水文學(xué)上的國際意義。首先應選入在所有季節對水禽具有國際重要性的濕地；

3．選入名冊的濕地不妨礙濕地所在地締約國的專(zhuān)屬主權權利。

4.各締約國按第九條規定簽署本公約或交存批準書(shū)或加入書(shū)時(shí)，應至少指定一處濕地列入名冊。

5．任何締約國應有權將其境內的濕地增列入名冊，擴大已列名冊的濕地的界線(xiàn)或由于緊急的國家利益將已列入名冊的濕地銷(xiāo)或縮小其范圍，并應盡早將任何上述變更通知第八條規定的負責執行局職責的有關(guān)組織或政府。

6. 各締約國在指定列入名冊的濕地時(shí)或行使變更名冊中與其領(lǐng)土內濕地有關(guān)的記錄時(shí)，應考慮其對水禽遷移種群的養護、管理和合理利用的國際責任。

第三條

1．締約國應制定并實(shí)施其計劃以促進(jìn)已列入名冊的濕地的養護并盡可能地促進(jìn)其境內濕地的合理利用。

2．如其境內的及列入名冊的任何濕地的生態(tài)特征由于技術(shù)發(fā)展、污染和其他人類(lèi)干擾而已經(jīng)改變，正在改變或將可能改變，各締約國應盡早相互通報。有關(guān)這些變化的情況，應不延遲地轉告按第八條所規定的負責執行局職責的組織或政府。

第四條

1. 締約國應設置濕地自然保護區，無(wú)論該濕地是否已列入名冊，以促進(jìn)濕地和水禽的養護并應對其進(jìn)行充分的監護。

2．締約國因其緊急的國家利益需對已列入名冊的濕地撤銷(xiāo)或縮小其范圍時(shí)，應盡可能地補償濕地資源的任何喪失，特別是應為水禽及保護原棲息地適當部分而在同一地區或在其他地方設立另外的自然保護區。

3. 締約國應鼓勵關(guān)于混地及其動(dòng)植物的研究及數據資料和出版物的交換。

4 ．締約國應努力通過(guò)管理增加適當濕地上水禽的數量。

5. 締約國應促進(jìn)能勝任濕地研究、管理及監護人員的訓練。

第五條

締約國應就履行本公約的義務(wù)相互協(xié)商，特別是當一片濕地跨越一個(gè)以上締約國領(lǐng)土或多個(gè)締約國共處同一水系時(shí)。同時(shí)，他們應盡力協(xié)調和支持有關(guān)養護濕地及其動(dòng)植物的現行和未來(lái)政策與規定。

第六條

1．締約國應在必要時(shí)召集關(guān)于養護濕地和水禽的會(huì )議。

2．這種會(huì )議應是咨詢(xún)性的，并除其他外，有權：

A．討論本公約的實(shí)施情況；

B. 討論名冊之增加和變更事項；

C. 審議關(guān)于依第三條第2款所規定的列入名冊濕地生態(tài)學(xué)特征變化的情況；

D. 向締約國提出關(guān)于濕地及其動(dòng)植物的養護、管理和合理利用的一般性或具體建議；

E．要求有關(guān)國際機構就影響濕地、本質(zhì)上屬于國際性的事項編制報告和統計資料。

3. 締約國應確保對濕地管理負有責任的各級機構知曉并考慮上述會(huì )議關(guān)于濕地及其動(dòng)植物的養護、管理和合理利用的建議。

第七條

1．締約國出席這種會(huì )議的代表，應包括以其科學(xué)、行政或其他適當職務(wù)所獲得知識和經(jīng)驗而成為濕地或水禽方面專(zhuān)家的人士。

2．出席會(huì )議的每一締約國均應有一票表決權，建議以所投票數的簡(jiǎn)單多數通過(guò)，但須不少于半數的締約國參加投票。

第八條

1．保護自然和自然資源國際聯(lián)盟應履行本公約執行局的職責，直至全體締約國三分之二多數委派其他組織或政府時(shí)止。

2．執行局職責除其他外，應為：

A．協(xié)助召集和組織第六條規定的會(huì )議；

B．保管?chē)H重要濕地名冊并接受締約國根據第二條第五款的規定對已列入名冊的濕地增加、擴大、撤銷(xiāo)或縮小的通知；

C．接受締約國根據第三條第二款規定對已列入名冊的濕地的生態(tài)特征發(fā)生任何變化的通知；

D．將名冊的任何改變或名冊?xún)葷竦靥卣鞯淖兓ㄖ械木喖s國，并安排這些事宜在下次會(huì )議上討論；

E．將會(huì )議關(guān)于名冊變更或名冊?xún)葷竦靥卣髯兓慕ㄗh告知各有關(guān)締約國。

第九條

1. 本公約將無(wú)限期開(kāi)放供簽署。

2．聯(lián)合國或某一專(zhuān)門(mén)機構、國際原子能機構的任一成員國或國際法院的規約當事國均可以下述方式成為本公約的締約方：

A．簽署無(wú)須批準；

B．簽署有待批準，隨后再予批準；

C．加入。

3．批準或加入應以向聯(lián)合國教育科學(xué)及文化組織的總干事(以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“保存機關(guān)”)交存批準或加入文書(shū)為生效。

第十條

1．本公約應自七個(gè)國家根據第九條第2款成為本公約締約國四個(gè)月后生效。

2．此后，本公約應在其簽署無(wú)須批準或交存批準書(shū)或加入書(shū)之日后四個(gè)月對各締約國生效。

第十條之二

1．公約可按照本條在為此目的召開(kāi)的締約國會(huì )議上予以修正。

2．修正建議可以由任何締約國提出。

3．所提修正案文及其理由應提交給履行執行局職責的組織或政府(以下稱(chēng)為執行局)并立即由執行局轉送所有締約國。締約國對案文的任何評論應在執行局將修正案轉交締約國之日三個(gè)月內交給執行局。執行局應于提交評論最后一日后立即將至該日所提交的所有評論轉交各締約國。

4. 審議按照第3款所轉交的修正案的締約國會(huì )議應由執行局根據三分之一締約國的書(shū)面請求召集。執行局應就會(huì )議的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)同締約國協(xié)商。

5．修正案以出席并參加投票的締約國三分之二多數通過(guò)。

6．通過(guò)的修正案應于三分之二締約國向保存機關(guān)交存接受書(shū)之日后第四個(gè)月第一天對接受的締約國生效。對在三分之二的締約國交存接受書(shū)之后交存接受書(shū)的締約國，修正案應于其交存接受書(shū)之日后第四個(gè)月第一天生效。

第十一條

1．本公約將無(wú)限期有效。

2．任何締約國可以于公約對其生效之日起五年后以書(shū)面通知保存機關(guān)退出本公約。退出應于保存機關(guān)收到退出通知之日后四個(gè)月生效。

第十二條

1．保存機關(guān)應盡快將以下事項通知簽署和加入本公約的所有國家：

A．公約的簽署；

B．公約批準書(shū)的交存；

C．公約加入書(shū)的交存；

D．公約的生效日期；

E．退出公約的通知。

3．一候本公約開(kāi)始生效，保存人應按照聯(lián)合國憲章第一百零二條將本公約向聯(lián)合國秘書(shū)處登記。

下列簽字者經(jīng)正式授權，謹簽字于本公約，以資證明。

一九七一年二月二日訂于拉姆薩，正本一份，以英文、法文、德文和俄文寫(xiě)成，所有文本具有同等效力，保存于保存機關(guān)，保存機關(guān)應將核證無(wú)誤副本分送所有的締約國。

 
原文如下：

Convention on Wetlands of International Importance

Especially as Waterfowl Habitat

Final Text adopted by the International Conference on the Wetlands and Waterfowl at Ramsar, Iran, 2 February 1971

The Contracting Parties,

Recognising the interdependence of man and his environment;

Considering the fundamental ecological functions of wetlands as regulators of water regimes and as habitats supporting a characteristic flora and fauna, especially waterfowl;

Being convinced that wetlands constitute a resource of great economic, cultural, scientific and recreational value, the loss of which would be irreparable;

Desiring to stem the progressive encroachment on and loss of wetlands now and in the future;

Recognising that waterfowl in their seasonal migrations may transcend frontiers and so should be regarded as an international resource;

Being confident that the conservation of wetlands and their flora and fauna can be ensured by combining far-sighted national policies with co-ordinated international action;

Have agreed as follows:

Article 1

1. For the purpose of this Convention wetlands are areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six metres.

2. For the purpose of this Convention waterfowl are birds ecologically dependent on wetlands.

Article 2

1. Each Contracting Party shall designate suitable wetlands within its territory for inclusion in a List of Wetlands of International Importance, hereinafter referred to as "the List" which is maintained by the bureau established under Article 8. The boundaries of each wetland shall be precisely described and also delimited on a map and they may incorporate riparian and coastal zones adjacent to the wetlands, and islands or bodies of marine water deeper than six metres at low tide lying within the wetlands, especially where these have importance as waterfowl habitat.

2. Wetlands should be selected for the List on account of their international significance in terms of ecology, botany, zoology, limnology or hydrology. In the first instance wetlands of international importance to waterfowl at any season should be included.

3. The inclusion of a wetland in the List does not prejudice the exclusive sovereign rights of the Contracting Party in whose territory the wetland is situated.

4. Each Contracting Party shall designate at least one wetland to be included in the List when signing this Convention or when depositing its instrument of ratification or accession, as provided in Article 9.

5. Any Contracting Party shall have the right to add to the List further wetlands situated within its territory, to extend the boundaries of those wetlands already included by it in the List, or, because of its urgent national interests, to delete or restrict the boundaries of wetlands already included by it in the List and shall, at the earliest possible time, inform the organization or government responsible for the continuing bureau duties specified in Article 8 of any such changes.

6. Each Contracting Party shall consider its international responsibilities for the conservation, management and wise use of migratory stocks of waterfowl, both when designating entries for the List and when exercising its right to change entries in the List relating to wetlands within its territory.

Article 3

1. The Contracting Parties shall formulate and implement their planning so as to promote the conservation of the wetlands included in the List, and as far as possible the wise use of wetlands in their territory.

2. Each Contracting Party shall arrange to be informed at the earliest possible time if the ecological character of any wetland in its territory and included in the List has changed, is changing or is likely to change as the result of technological developments, pollution or other human interference. Information on such changes shall be passed without delay to the organization or government responsible for the continuing bureau duties specified in Article 8.

Article 4

1. Each Contracting Party shall promote the conservation of wetlands and waterfowl by establishing nature reserves on wetlands, whether they are included in the List or not, and provide adequately for their wardening.

2. Where a Contracting Party in its urgent national interest, deletes or restricts the boundaries of a wetland included in the List, it should as far as possible compensate for any loss of wetland resources, and in particular it should create additional nature reserves for waterfowl and for the protection, either in the same area or elsewhere, of an adequate portion of the original habitat.

3. The Contracting Parties shall encourage research and the exchange of data and publications regarding wetlands and their flora and fauna.

4. The Contracting Parties shall endeavour through management to increase waterfowl populations on appropriate wetlands.

5. The Contracting Parties shall promote the training of personnel competent in the fields of wetland research, management and wardening.

Article 5

1. The Contracting Parties shall consult with each other about implementing obligations arising from this Convention especially in the case of a wetland extending over the territories of more than one Contracting Party or where a water system is shared by Contracting Parties.

2. They shall at the same time endeavour to co-ordinate and support present and future policies and regulations concerning the conservation of wetlands and their flora and fauna.

Article 6

1. The Contracting Parties shall, as the necessity arises, convene Conferences on the Conservation of Wetlands and Waterfowl.

2. These Conferences shall have an advisory character and shall be competent inter alia:

a) to discuss the implementation of this Convention;

b) to discuss additions to and changes in the List;

c) to consider information regarding changes in the ecological character of wetlands included in the List provided in accordance with Paragraph 2 of Article 3;

d) to make general or specific recommendations to the Contracting Parties regarding the conservation, management and wise use of wetlands and their flora and fauna;

e) to request relevant international bodies to prepare reports and statistics on matters which are essentially international in character affecting wetlands.

3. The Contracting Parties shall ensure that those responsible at all levels for wetlands management shall be informed of, and take into consideration, recommendations of such Conferences concerning the conservation, management and wise use of wetlands and their flora and fauna.

Article 7

1. The representatives of the Contracting Parties at such Conferences should include persons who are experts on wetlands or waterfowl by reason of knowledge and experience gained in scientific, administrative or other appropriate capacities.

2. Each of the Contracting Parties represented at a Conference shall have one vote, recommendations being adopted by a simple majority of the votes cast, provided that not less than half the Contracting Parties cast votes.

Article 8

1. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources shall perform the continuing bureau duties under this Convention until such time as another organisation or government is appointed by a majority of two-thirds of all Contracting Parties.

2. The continuing bureau duties shall be, inter alia:

a) to assist in the convening and organizing of Conferences specified in Article 6;

b) to maintain the List of Wetlands of International Importance and to be informed by the Contracting Parties of any additions, extensions, deletions or restrictions concerning wetlands included in the List provided in accordance with Paragraph 5 of Article 2;

c) to be informed by the Contracting Parties of any changes in the ecological character of wetlands included in the List provided in accordance with Paragraph 2 of Article 3;

d) to forward notification of any alterations to the List, or changes in character of wetlands included therein, to all Contracting Parties and to arrange for these matters to be discussed at the next Conference;

e) to make known to the Contracting Party concerned, the recommendations of the Conferences in respect of such alterations to the List or of changes in the character of wetlands included therein.

Article 9

1. This Convention shall remain open for signature indefinitely.

2. Any member of the United Nations or of one of the Specialized Agencies or of the International Atomic Energy Agency or Party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice may become a party to this Convention by:

a) signature without reservation as to ratification;

b) signature subject to ratification followed by ratification;

c) accession

3. Ratification or accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of ratification or accession with the Director General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, (hereinafter referred to as "the Depository").

Article 10

1. This Convention shall enter into force four months after seven States have become Parties to this Convention in accordance with Paragraph 2 of Article 9.

2. Thereafter this Convention shall enter into force for each Contracting Party four months after the day of its signature without reservation as to ratification, or its deposit of an instrument of ratification or accession.

Article 11

1. This Convention shall continue in force for an indefinite period.

2. Any Contracting Party may denounce this Convention after a period of five years from the date on which it entered into force for that Party by giving written notice thereof to the Depository. Denunciation shall take effect four months after the day on which notice thereof is received by the Depository.

Article 12

1. The Depository shall inform all States that have signed and acceded to this Convention as soon as possible of:

a) signatures to this Convention;

b) deposits of instruments of ratification of this Convention;

c) deposits of instruments of accession to this Convention;

d) the date of entry into force of this Convention;

e) notifications of denunciation of this Convention.

2. When this Convention has entered into force, the Depository shall have it registered with the Secretariat of the United Nations in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect, have signed this Convention.

DONE at ………. this ………. day of ………. 19…. in a single original in the English, French, German and Russian languages, in any case of divergency the English text prevailing, which shall be deposited with the Depository which shall send true copies thereof to all Contracting Parties.

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